[ Press WW2 39-45] " Franc Tireur " #161/7-8 January 1945 Eo Montgomery Bitche

Description

[WW2 PRESS - 39/45]
Maverick
At the Avant-Garde of the Republic
Rare!
5th year - N ° 161
Sunday 7 - Monday January 8, 1945
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First Printing
Original Edition
In-Folio, (about 60x43cm), 2pp. (1 sheet printed on both sides)
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Newspaper
yellowed
like always
copy folded in 4, depending on the number, may have various folds and small tears,
folds on folds and on edges, small holes, etc ...
Correct, clean condition
cf. visuals ...
Very Rare document
Sold as described, as found
"Maverick"
Franc-Tireur is a resistance movement founded in Lyon in November 1940 under the name "France Liberté", renamed "Franc-Tireur" in December 1941 on the proposal of Jean-Jacques Soudeille.
The leader of the movement was Jean-Pierre Lévy.
The Franc-Tireur is also the name of the underground newspaper of the movement, which knew thirty-seven issues from December 1941 to August 1944.
Under the aegis of Jean Moulin, the movement will merge with Liberation-Sud and Combat to give the United Movements of Resistance (MUR).
Franc-Tireur is the movement in the southern zone which has the most Lyon attachment. Founded in 1941 by a group of men from diverse backgrounds, it is a movement of personalities with the same political sensitivity, an opposition to the armistice and, from the start, to Marshal Pétain himself.
Birth and early days
The initiators of the movement meet at home or during card games at the "Moulin joli" café, place des Terreaux. The first members are Antoine Avinin, member of JEUNE République and Catholic on the left, Auguste Pinton, former municipal councilor, Élie Péju and Jean-Jacques Soudeille,
former communists who became radicals.
They and a few others regroup and found a movement at the end of November 1940, which they call
"France-Liberté" whose goal is to fight against government propaganda and to mobilize against defeat and the authoritarian order that is taking hold. The group begins by writing leaflets against the Nazis and Pétain who, for lack of means, are limited to small numbers of copies typed by hand.
Jean-Pierre Lévy and the birth of the newspaper
The group took off for the first time with the arrival of Jean-Pierre Lévy, an Alsatian refugee who brought a roneo in the spring of 1941 and launched the idea of ​​growing in its force of diffusion by publishing a real newspaper.
With the support of printer Henri Chevalier, the first copy was released in December 1941 to 6,000 copies. It is printed on four pages in format 21 by 27.5 cm. The title of Franc-Tireur is an allusion to the groups of volunteers who formed in 1870 outside the legal frameworks to defend the fatherland and the Republic. The tone is humorous and offensive against the marshal and the Germans. The themes defended are the opposition to the new order and the occupier, the denunciation of these misdeeds, the call to the resistance of all good wills. The conclusion of his number 1 is "Only one task is necessary: ​​resist, organize".
Movement development
The group becomes a movement which seeks to act more than simply by the arms of the spirit. Jean-Pierre Lévy thus contacted London emissaries such as Léon Morandat and the leaders of other movements. Having as a commercial executive profession, Lévy has a cover to circulate and he creates branches in the Rhône-Alpes region, and more generally everywhere where he has strong relationships. He is heavily helped by his family, such as his sister and his brother-in-law, who set up the movement in Roanne. Quickly, the movement was structured in the Loire, the Mediterranean coast, the Cantal and, more lightly, in Languedoc-Roussillon and the Toulouse region.
Journal extension
Quickly, at the head of the newspaper was a tradesman, Georges Altman, journalist for Progress. He is effectively assisted by Élie Péju. The newspaper is improving to become a regular and professional organ for the dissemination of ideas. Its printing locations are increasing: Lyon, Saint-Étienne, Morez, Albi, Bordeaux, Valence, etc. After the offices were set up at No. 19 boulevard de Sébastopol in Paris in August 1943, the newspaper was printed there from February 1944. The circulation increases constantly, passing from 15,000 in April 1942 to 30,000 in November, then 100,000 in September 1943 and 150,000 copies in August 1944.
The tone of the newspaper is very offensive, as much vis-à-vis the Germans as the men of Vichy.
Very early, the fate of the Jews is denounced, in particular with a leaflet produced in August 1942 to protest
against the Vél 'd'Hiv' roundup and an article from February 1944 detailing the Nazi concentration camps.
Conversely, democracy and the republican regime are defended with each issue. The team, through the newspaper, encourages the population to come together for each commemorative event and thus express their opposition to the situation; whether for July 14 or November 11.
The newspaper has a very stable editorial team, but occasionally welcomes outside feathers such as Jean Nocher, Albert Bayet or Marc Bloch (executed by the Gestapo on June 16, 1944), the latter two eventually becoming full members movement.
Military actions
In 1942, the movement decided to no longer be content with words and organized sabotage actions,
of fugitives' caches or of information.
They stand out in particular by an important coordinated action in November 1942 in Lyon,
Clermont-Ferrand, Roanne, Limoges, Périgueux and Vichy. In December 1942, they managed to do major damage in the France-Rayonne factory. From the summer of 1942, Jean-Pierre Lévy and his contacts in Grenoble Léon Martin and Aimé Pupin began to organize hideouts in Isère to hide young people
who refuse to go to Germany.
Franc-Tireur was created in Lyon in December 1941, by a group made up of Élie Péju (formerly of Humanity),
Georges Altman, Marc Bloch and Yves Farges (known as “Grégoire”). It was illegally printed in Lyon, rue Vieille Monnaie,
by Eugène Pons (the latter was deported and died in Neuengamme, Germany).
Franc-Tireur was one of
most influential among the underground daily newspapers born of the Resistance
: he gave his support to General de Gaulle and
chaired the permanent office of the National Federation
of the underground press (created in November 1943).
In 1945,
Franc-Tireur settled in the old printing house of L'Intransigeant, located at 100, rue Réaumur, Paris-IIe.
Daily newspaper in the morning, its circulation amounted successively to 60,000 copies (1941), 150,000 (1942), 165,000 (1944),
182,000 (1945), 350,000 (1947) and 370,000 (1948).
His motto was "Franc-Tireur is not the newspaper of a Party, it is a
newspaper that takes sides ”. In October 1948, a split occurred within the direction committee, of which a part
of members wanted a more left-wing political orientation: the opponents, who had resigned, entered
Release. On November 18, 1957, Franc-Tireur was bought by Cino del Duca, publisher specializing in the press of the heart
; it changed its title to henceforth be called Paris-Journal.
The following year, Péju and Altman, founders of FrancTireur, resigned.
To be continued on ebay ...
other rare period journals and documents from the same provenance will be sold soon
concerning the Press at the Liberation of Paris in 1944, at the Capitulation of Germany in 1945 and at the end of the Second World War, and also
concerning before and after the war
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As always, you can request the combined shipping costs if you buy several books or documents ...
[WW2 PRESS - 39/45] Maverick   At the Avant-Garde of the Republic  Rare!  5th year - N ° 161 Sunday 7 - Monday January 8, 1945   -    First Printing Original Edition   - Newspaper yellowed like always  folds on folds and on edges, small holes, etc ... Correct, clean condition  cf. visuals ...   Very Rare document Sold as described, as found "Maverick"    The leader of the movement was Jean-Pierre Lévy. Birth and early days former communists who became radicals. Jean-Pierre Lévy and the birth of the newspaper Movement development Journal extension Military actions of fugitives' caches or of information.  who refuse to go to Germany.   of the underground press (created in November 1943).  182,000 (1945), 350,000 (1947) and 370,000 (1948). To be continued on ebay ... -
[WW2 PRESS - 39/45] Maverick   At the Avant-Garde of the Republic  Rare!  5th year - N ° 161 Sunday 7 - Monday January 8, 1945   -    First Printing Original Edition   - Newspaper yellowed like always  folds on folds and on edges, small holes, etc ... Correct, clean condition  cf. visuals ...   Very Rare document Sold as described, as found "Maverick"    The leader of the movement was Jean-Pierre Lévy. Birth and early days former communists who became radicals. Jean-Pierre Lévy and the birth of the newspaper Movement development Journal extension Military actions of fugitives' caches or of information.  who refuse to go to Germany.   of the underground press (created in November 1943).  182,000 (1945), 350,000 (1947) and 370,000 (1948). To be continued on ebay ... -
[WW2 PRESS - 39/45] Maverick   At the Avant-Garde of the Republic  Rare!  5th year - N ° 161 Sunday 7 - Monday January 8, 1945   -    First Printing Original Edition   - Newspaper yellowed like always  folds on folds and on edges, small holes, etc ... Correct, clean condition  cf. visuals ...   Very Rare document Sold as described, as found "Maverick"    The leader of the movement was Jean-Pierre Lévy. Birth and early days former communists who became radicals. Jean-Pierre Lévy and the birth of the newspaper Movement development Journal extension Military actions of fugitives' caches or of information.  who refuse to go to Germany.   of the underground press (created in November 1943).  182,000 (1945), 350,000 (1947) and 370,000 (1948). To be continued on ebay ... -
[WW2 PRESS - 39/45] Maverick   At the Avant-Garde of the Republic  Rare!  5th year - N ° 161 Sunday 7 - Monday January 8, 1945   -    First Printing Original Edition   - Newspaper yellowed like always  folds on folds and on edges, small holes, etc ... Correct, clean condition  cf. visuals ...   Very Rare document Sold as described, as found "Maverick"    The leader of the movement was Jean-Pierre Lévy. Birth and early days former communists who became radicals. Jean-Pierre Lévy and the birth of the newspaper Movement development Journal extension Military actions of fugitives' caches or of information.  who refuse to go to Germany.   of the underground press (created in November 1943).  182,000 (1945), 350,000 (1947) and 370,000 (1948). To be continued on ebay ... -
[WW2 PRESS - 39/45] Maverick   At the Avant-Garde of the Republic  Rare!  5th year - N ° 161 Sunday 7 - Monday January 8, 1945   -    First Printing Original Edition   - Newspaper yellowed like always  folds on folds and on edges, small holes, etc ... Correct, clean condition  cf. visuals ...   Very Rare document Sold as described, as found "Maverick"    The leader of the movement was Jean-Pierre Lévy. Birth and early days former communists who became radicals. Jean-Pierre Lévy and the birth of the newspaper Movement development Journal extension Military actions of fugitives' caches or of information.  who refuse to go to Germany.   of the underground press (created in November 1943).  182,000 (1945), 350,000 (1947) and 370,000 (1948). To be continued on ebay ... -
[WW2 PRESS - 39/45] Maverick   At the Avant-Garde of the Republic  Rare!  5th year - N ° 161 Sunday 7 - Monday January 8, 1945   -    First Printing Original Edition   - Newspaper yellowed like always  folds on folds and on edges, small holes, etc ... Correct, clean condition  cf. visuals ...   Very Rare document Sold as described, as found "Maverick"    The leader of the movement was Jean-Pierre Lévy. Birth and early days former communists who became radicals. Jean-Pierre Lévy and the birth of the newspaper Movement development Journal extension Military actions of fugitives' caches or of information.  who refuse to go to Germany.   of the underground press (created in November 1943).  182,000 (1945), 350,000 (1947) and 370,000 (1948). To be continued on ebay ... -
[WW2 PRESS - 39/45] Maverick   At the Avant-Garde of the Republic  Rare!  5th year - N ° 161 Sunday 7 - Monday January 8, 1945   -    First Printing Original Edition   - Newspaper yellowed like always  folds on folds and on edges, small holes, etc ... Correct, clean condition  cf. visuals ...   Very Rare document Sold as described, as found "Maverick"    The leader of the movement was Jean-Pierre Lévy. Birth and early days former communists who became radicals. Jean-Pierre Lévy and the birth of the newspaper Movement development Journal extension Military actions of fugitives' caches or of information.  who refuse to go to Germany.   of the underground press (created in November 1943).  182,000 (1945), 350,000 (1947) and 370,000 (1948). To be continued on ebay ... -
[WW2 PRESS - 39/45] Maverick   At the Avant-Garde of the Republic  Rare!  5th year - N ° 161 Sunday 7 - Monday January 8, 1945   -    First Printing Original Edition   - Newspaper yellowed like always  folds on folds and on edges, small holes, etc ... Correct, clean condition  cf. visuals ...   Very Rare document Sold as described, as found "Maverick"    The leader of the movement was Jean-Pierre Lévy. Birth and early days former communists who became radicals. Jean-Pierre Lévy and the birth of the newspaper Movement development Journal extension Military actions of fugitives' caches or of information.  who refuse to go to Germany.   of the underground press (created in November 1943).  182,000 (1945), 350,000 (1947) and 370,000 (1948). To be continued on ebay ... -
[WW2 PRESS - 39/45] Maverick   At the Avant-Garde of the Republic  Rare!  5th year - N ° 161 Sunday 7 - Monday January 8, 1945   -    First Printing Original Edition   - Newspaper yellowed like always  folds on folds and on edges, small holes, etc ... Correct, clean condition  cf. visuals ...   Very Rare document Sold as described, as found "Maverick"    The leader of the movement was Jean-Pierre Lévy. Birth and early days former communists who became radicals. Jean-Pierre Lévy and the birth of the newspaper Movement development Journal extension Military actions of fugitives' caches or of information.  who refuse to go to Germany.   of the underground press (created in November 1943).  182,000 (1945), 350,000 (1947) and 370,000 (1948). To be continued on ebay ... -
[WW2 PRESS - 39/45] Maverick   At the Avant-Garde of the Republic  Rare!  5th year - N ° 161 Sunday 7 - Monday January 8, 1945   -    First Printing Original Edition   - Newspaper yellowed like always  folds on folds and on edges, small holes, etc ... Correct, clean condition  cf. visuals ...   Very Rare document Sold as described, as found "Maverick"    The leader of the movement was Jean-Pierre Lévy. Birth and early days former communists who became radicals. Jean-Pierre Lévy and the birth of the newspaper Movement development Journal extension Military actions of fugitives' caches or of information.  who refuse to go to Germany.   of the underground press (created in November 1943).  182,000 (1945), 350,000 (1947) and 370,000 (1948). To be continued on ebay ... -